Motivation in Work Organizations.

Written with the student audience in mind, this book is about the motivational determinants of behavior in work organizations. For practicing managers, helpful information may be found in the chapters dealing with day-to-day motivational problems. Three chapters deal specifically with motivational theory, and five chapters emphasize research and practice in motivation, since the book is primarily directed to the undergraduate or graduate student. Four approaches to motivation are emphasized as styles of management practice: paternalistic approach, scientific management approach, participative management, and a fourth called the combination approach. The contents of the book are structured within the framework of the following chapters: motivation and behavior in work organizations; drives, needs, and outcomes; motivation and behavior; satisfaction and behavior; the decision to work in an organization; extrinsic rewards and job performance; job design and job performance; interpersonal influences; and an overview of motivation in organizations. (DS)

Although the value of positivity has been assumed over the years, only recently has it become a major focus area for theory building, research, and application in psychology and now organizational behavior. This review article examines, in turn, selected representative positive traits (Big Five personality, core self-evaluations, and character strengths and virtues), positive state-like psychological resource capacities (efficacy, hope, optimism, resiliency, and psychological capital), positive organizations (drawn from positive organization scholarship), and positive behaviors (organizational citizenship and courageous principled action). This review concludes with recommendations for future research and effective application.

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